To create a system of cuts one may often start with a
Mittag-Leffler star, a system of cuts where each finite branch-point
gets its own cut going off to infinity. But infinity may not be a
branch-point and then there is no need for a cut to go there. A system
of cuts where each one has a branch-point at either end (including
infinity if it is a branch-point) will be called standard. In a
standard system where there are n branch-points there
can be at most n-1 cuts as with more the
connectivity of the plane would be lost.
The simplest example is w² - wz + 1 = 0. The nodes are at +1
and -1 and the corresponding branch-points af +2 and -2. Cuts from fhem
rsspectively to +infinity and -infinity along the real line, a star
system, are together imaged by the two-part boundary consisting of the
real line with 0 excluded. The ranges of the two branches are the upper
and lower half-planes with 0 excluded. Going to a standard system we
are limited to one cut which can be the part of the real line from -2
to +2. This is imaged by a closed oval through the nodes.
The interior of the oval is the range of one branch, the exterior is
the range of the other.
Note how z is imaged for large |z|. In the standard system it is
imaged in the bounded range near 0 and in the unbounded one near
infinity. In the star system the imaging in each range is split between
being near 0 and near infinity depending on arg z.
Note also that the connectivities of the ranges are different in
the star and standard systems. It is the presence of
the range limit (or inverse pole as we also call it) that makes
different connectivities
possible.